Microprocessor - 4004
Posted by Harisinh | Posted in | Posted on 3:29 AM
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Finally in 1971 the team of Ted Hoff, S. Mazor and F. Fagin develops the Intel 4004 microprocessor a “computer on a chip”. This 4004, is the world’s first commercially available microprocessor. This breakthrough invention powered the Busicom calculator and paved the way for embedding intelligence in inanimate objects as well as the personal computer.
Just four years later, in 1975, Fortune magazine said, “The microprocessor is one of those rare innovations that simultaneously cuts manufacturing costs and ads to the value and capabilities of the product. As a result, the microprocessor has invaded a host of existing products and created new products never before possible.” This single invention revolutionized the way computers are designed and applied. It put intelligence into “dumb” machines and distributed processing capability into previously undreamed applications.
The advent of intelligent machines based on microprocessors changed how we gather information, how we communicate, and how and where we work. In mid-1969 Busicom, a now-defunct Japanese calculator manufacturer, asked Intel to design a set of chips for a family of high-performance programmable calculators. Maracian E. “Ted” Hoff, an engineer who had joined Intel the previous year was assigned to the project. In its original design, the calculator required twelve chips, which Hoff considered to complex to be cost-effective. Furthermore, Intel’s small MOS staff was fully occupied with the 1101 (MOS type of static semiconductor memory) so the design resources were not available.
Hoff came up with a novel alternative: by reducing the complexity of the instructions and providing a supporting memory device, he could create a general-purpose information processor. The processor, he reasoned, could find a wide array of uses for which it could be modified by programs stored in memory. “Instead of making their device act like a calculator,” he recalled, “I wanted to make it function as a general purpose computer programmed to be a calculator.” To this end, Hoff and fellow engineers Federico Faggin and Stan Mazor came up with a design that involved four chips: a central processing unit (CPU) chip, a read-only memory (ROM) chip for the custom application programs, a random access memory (RAM) chip for processing data, and a shift register chip for input/output (I/O) port.
The CPU chip, though it then had no name, would eventually be called a microprocessor. Measuring one-eighth of an inch wide by one-sixth of an inch long and made up of 2,300 MOS transistors, Intel’s first microprocessor is equal in computing power to the first electronic computer, ENIAC, which filled 3000 cubic feet with 18,000 vacuum tubes. The 4004, as it is to be called, would execute 60,000 operations a second, with by today’s standards is primitive. It works at a clock rate of 108 KHz.
Microprocessor 4004.
Finally in 1971 the team of Ted Hoff, S. Mazor and F. Fagin develops the Intel 4004 microprocessor a “computer on a chip”. This 4004, is the world’s first commercially available microprocessor. This breakthrough invention powered the Busicom calculator and paved the way for embedding intelligence in inanimate objects as well as the personal computer.
Just four years later, in 1975, Fortune magazine said, “The microprocessor is one of those rare innovations that simultaneously cuts manufacturing costs and ads to the value and capabilities of the product. As a result, the microprocessor has invaded a host of existing products and created new products never before possible.” This single invention revolutionized the way computers are designed and applied. It put intelligence into “dumb” machines and distributed processing capability into previously undreamed applications.
The advent of intelligent machines based on microprocessors changed how we gather information, how we communicate, and how and where we work. In mid-1969 Busicom, a now-defunct Japanese calculator manufacturer, asked Intel to design a set of chips for a family of high-performance programmable calculators. Maracian E. “Ted” Hoff, an engineer who had joined Intel the previous year was assigned to the project. In its original design, the calculator required twelve chips, which Hoff considered to complex to be cost-effective. Furthermore, Intel’s small MOS staff was fully occupied with the 1101 (MOS type of static semiconductor memory) so the design resources were not available.
Hoff came up with a novel alternative: by reducing the complexity of the instructions and providing a supporting memory device, he could create a general-purpose information processor. The processor, he reasoned, could find a wide array of uses for which it could be modified by programs stored in memory. “Instead of making their device act like a calculator,” he recalled, “I wanted to make it function as a general purpose computer programmed to be a calculator.” To this end, Hoff and fellow engineers Federico Faggin and Stan Mazor came up with a design that involved four chips: a central processing unit (CPU) chip, a read-only memory (ROM) chip for the custom application programs, a random access memory (RAM) chip for processing data, and a shift register chip for input/output (I/O) port.
The CPU chip, though it then had no name, would eventually be called a microprocessor. Measuring one-eighth of an inch wide by one-sixth of an inch long and made up of 2,300 MOS transistors, Intel’s first microprocessor is equal in computing power to the first electronic computer, ENIAC, which filled 3000 cubic feet with 18,000 vacuum tubes. The 4004, as it is to be called, would execute 60,000 operations a second, with by today’s standards is primitive. It works at a clock rate of 108 KHz.
Microprocessor 4004.
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